If one gargles w/mouthwash longer than it takes to gargle the song 'Bohemian Rhapsody' - note for note, in its entirety, twice - then they might be gargling a bit too long. However, by the time one gets through the first rendition, not only will they be desperate to swallow, but their throat will burn so much that they won't be able to speak for several days.
I don't know, but I think it could cause damage. Mouthwash is quite harsh on the gums...which is what you want to kill the bacteria, but it seems to make sense that it may irritate the lining of your inner cheeks if you do it for too long.