First you need a smart dog.
Possibly...but it would take a few dog years.
You can teach any 4-legged animal the physics of pressure. Just hold a garden hose to their face and squeeze the trigger. After you do this a few times, the animal will avoid the hose.
Which of Newton's laws is that? LOL
Sure! I don't believe I need to teach them either, they naturally understand Netwon's thrid law of motion.
When I play tug-o-war with them...
any time a force acts from one object to another, there is an equal force acting back on the original object. If you pull on a rope, therefore, the rope is pulling back on you as well.