It can be any of those. Even the sound of silence can evidence fear, loathing, terror, (I said that one already) nausea, you name it.
Here is a sound. Bird song. It inspires joy.
Here is a sound. An animal screaming in terror because his leg is being ripped off by a coyote. That inspires a feeling in me that I cannot describe and never want to hear again. It is still in my heart and head forever. GOD make it go away.