JK Rowling and Musk are mentioned specifically. The criminal complaint was filed in France.
It sounds like you're suggesting that an intersex person would present as a man, with all the physical advantages that a traditional biological male would have. The article explained in clear terms, medically and scientifically, why that premise is wrong, and why chromosomes alone don't determine sex or body appearance, composition, etc. If your genuine concern is to level the playing field and have people compete only against those that have the same makeup, or close to it, then understanding why chromosomes alone are not enough to make this determination is essential. Here's an excerpt:
"Our chromosomes do not conclusively determine our sex. For example, in some cases the X and Y chromosomes can recombine, leading to a child with XX chromosomes and male sexual attributes.
Indeed, the region on the Y chromosome that determines the development of male testes is located perilously close to the region the chromosome divides – leading humans as a species to have a “relatively high frequency of sex reversal”.
“Humans aren’t black and white; they’re not just male and female,” says Associate Professor Ada Cheung, endocrinologist at the University of Melbourne. “There are many ways to be intersex.”
Nor does a single gene determine sex. The human fetus develops a “bipotential gonad”, which is then shaped by the actions of a large number of genes. Alterations to each of those genes can cause differences in sexual development. Variations in more than 70 genes have been linked to differences in sexual development.
On top of this sit hormones, chemical messengers like testosterone, that the developing foetus produces and which trigger changes in genital development.
Consider androgen insensitivity syndrome: the individual has XY chromosomes but their body cannot respond to certain male sex hormones. Or congenital adrenal hyperplasia, where alterations to a key gene lead to excess male sex hormones in people with XX or XY chromosomes.
The complexities of the contributors to sexual variation – each variation making its own discrete difference – mean that simple binaries do not apply.
“I think of it as two curves, with an overlap, and in that overlap zone is the intersex condition,” says Professor Vincent Harley, head of sex development research at the Hudson Institute of Medical Research. “It’s a spectrum.”
Working out how many people carry these differences is extremely challenging, but reviews of surveys put the number around 1.7 per cent. For perspective, that’s a similar number to people who have red hair.
Thriftymaid 