I heard of that at a later time being available but sometime in early '80s I called the operator to ask the time and she told me that they were not allowed to give that information.

I never called to find out the temperature, I'm not certain that service existed in Australia and it certainly wasn't the same number as the Speaking Clock.
That one I remember, it was also a joke graffito - for a good time ring 1194.

I remember using the time phone number ... but it didn't have the local temperature.

Yes, I do, but I can't remember the numer. I also remember dialing '0' for an operator who would give a listed phone number.

Yes.  I remember when we (my Bell company) discontinued it.  It was expensive to provide and we had no sponsor (that advertising was through the roof too) so after providing it for years with no advertiser, we discontinued it.  There is still a number you can call to find out the time but I don't know what it is.  It's the same for the whole country though.

Yes.  767-8900 and 767-8911

However, it never said "and 5 seconds".  Seconds were always 10s (10, 20, 30, etc.) or "exactly".