Im not sure. Ive only had one job and that was when I was a teenager. But I would guess maybe people dont ask for raises as much these days because they fear being replaced by an employee who likes the current pay.
I'm sure it must happen in smaller businesses but is private so we do not here about it. In larger firms such as where I work it is mostly the person you report to recommends you for a raise and your division head either approves it or not then the company has to approve it.
I work for a large company that works for giant companies. No sense asking for a raise. They hand 'em out every couple of years. Just got the largest raise of my life. (!)
Of course. Large corporations usually have merit based pay grades with scheduled raises which precludes the ask for the nonmanagement force. Most people work for smaller companies where raises are given when deserved rather than because the employee has been in the job for a certain number of days. It is fine to remind your boss that your position is underpaid compared with other positions in the company.
It's not an apostrophe, it's a hyphen, and it is necessary because it differentiates a two-word hyphenated descriptive phrase from two separate words that are independent of each other. The meaning is different without the hyphen.
That's fine; there aren't many people who understand the correct use of various punctuation marks, not merely this one. Hyphens and apostrophes are two of the most misunderstood, misused, neglected and misapplied punctuation marks over all of the others.