When the ratio of carbon to nitrogen in a compost pile approaches 30 to 1, the decomposition process rapidly accelerates as “thermophilic” bacteria move in and the pile heats up to over 160 degrees Fahrenheit.
Start piles on bare earth. Use steel mesh for the prevention of access to rats. Use a few bits of rotting wood and old mushrooms, and a fluffy layer of browns on the bottom (at least 6 to 8 inches deep) to absorb moisture from the pile and keep things well-aerated, thus avoiding cesspool conditions.
Do not include teabags - the mesh won't biodegrade. Avoid newspapers as the inks are toxic.
There is no need to get out your calculator to know whether you’re striking the right balance carbon-nitrogen balance.
When the ratio is lower than ideal (too much nitrogen), the pile will be slimy and stinky; simply add carbon (dry material).
When the pile is too dry and slow to decompose; simply add nitrogen (water-rich green materials).
In general, carbon-rich materials should form the bulk of the pile. A good rule of thumb is that each time you add a batch of nitrogen-rich ingredients, add roughly 4 times that amount in carbon-rich ingredients (in volume, not weight).
Always add nitrogen sources (manure, kitchen scraps) in thin layers, not little piles, so that all the material is in contact with carbon-rich browns.
Wet the blanket every day in hot, dry weather.
In heavy wet weather, coverwith a tarp so it doesn't get too sodden.
The perfect compost pile is moist.
Or cover the pile in a heavy layer of dry mulch to hold moisture in and encourage excess rain to run off.
Under ideal weather conditions with lots of pile-turning, you can get completed compost in only six weeks. On a large scale it helps to use machinery for turning big piles. But I only have four one metre cubic piles, inner mesh tubes, and I don't turn. I have too much other work to be doing, so I take the lazy approach whenever possible.
Once the pile turns into a dark crumbly soil-like substance, it takes another six months to a year for it to “mature” – worms, bugs, fungi and bacteria take over and further refine the compost into magic for plants.